![]() Cape Verde was once a Portuguese colony but received its independence in 1975. Off the coast of Mauritania are the Cape Verde Islands, which are united as an independent country associated with Africa. The portions of Chad located north of the African Transition Zone share similar characteristics with North Africa. In this textbook, Chad is listed with Central Africa. Some geographers include the country of Chad or portions of it within the region of West Africa. The Niger River is Africa’s third-longest river and extends more than 2,600 miles from the Guinea Highlands through Mali, Niger, and Nigeria before reaching the Atlantic Ocean in the Gulf of Guinea. At 4,100 miles long, the Nile River is the longest, while the Congo River is Africa’s second longest at 2,922 miles in length. The Cameroon Highlands are located on the eastern border between Nigeria and Cameroon. The main physical features include the Sahara Desert and the Niger River. This region is bisected by the African Transition Zone, which borders the southern edge of the Sahara Desert. The region of West Africa includes the southern portion of the bulge of the continent, which extends westward to the Atlantic Ocean. ![]()
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